The guidelines for in-text citations change depending on a series of factors; for example, works written by one author and works written by 3 authors require different in-text citation formats.
Select a tab below for more in-depth detail regarding in-text citation examples.
When a work has 1 author, list the author's last name in every in-text citation.
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When a resource has 2 authors, cite both names in your text. Use 'and' to combine the names. List the authors in the order they appear in on the work.
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If you are referring to a resource with 3 or more authors, include the first author's name, and replace all other author's names with 'et al.' if using a parenthetic citation. If you are referring to the authors in your sentence, include the first author's name and the phrase 'and others'.
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If you are referring to a source that has no author, the in-text citation will refer to the first element in the works cited entry, often the title. Treat the title as it is treated in the works cited (eg. titles of books should be in italics, while titles of articles should be in quotations). If a group or organization responsible for the content, follow the instructions found under the "Group, Organization, or Corporate Author(s)" tab.
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If you are referring to a resource with a group, organization, or corporate author, spell out the name of the organization however, you may choose to abbreviate terms that are commonly abbreviated such as Company (Co.) or Department (Dept.).
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