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MLA Style Guide 9th Edition

How To Use This Guide

Step 1

Categorize Your Reference Type

  • Are you referencing a book, an eBook, a periodical, a government report, an image, a video, a website, or Brightspace?
  • Decide which of these categories best describes your item and select the corresponding Referencing: tab on the left hand side of this page
Step 2

Select Appropriate Distinction

  • Determine which sub-category your item type falls under, and then inspect your item for number of authors and other details. For example: How many authors are listed? Did you access it in print or online?
  • Select the sub-category that fits your item type.
Step 3

Gather Information & Build Your Reference

  • Use the Template in each sub-category to help you gather the information that you need in order to build your reference. For example, author(s), publication date, title, publisher, etc.
  • Record the information using the exact format and structure shown in the Template.
Step 4

Create In-text Citations & Format Your Paper

  • Click on the In-text Citations tab for help with creating and properly formatting your in-text citations.
  • Select the Formatting: Guidelines and Samples tab for information on how to format your paper and to see samples of what each section of your paper should look like.