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APA Style Guide: 7th Edition
What's New in the 7th Edition
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APA Style Guide: 7th Edition
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How To Use This Guide
Introduction to APA Style
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Ethical Use of Sources & Plagiarism
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Introduction to DOI
Formatting: Title Page, Body, References
Formatting: Annotated Bibliographies
Formatting: Appendices
Formatting: Quotations
Formatting: Business Reports
In-text Citations
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How to Format In-text Citations
Citing Multiple Works
Number and Type of Author
Publication Date
Page, Paragraph Number, Heading, and Time Stamp
Referencing: Artificial Intelligence (AI)
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Citing Text Content Created by AI
Citing Image Content Created by AI
Referencing: Brightspace
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Brightspace, with Author
Brightspace, No Author
Referencing: Blogs
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Blog Post
Comment on Blog Post
Referencing: Books
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Book with Author(s)
Book with Author(s) and Editor(s)
Book with Editor(s), No Author
Book with Organization as Author
Book with the Same Organization as Author & Publisher
Lab Manual
Textbook Chapter with Book Editor(s) and Chapter Author(s)
Translation, Print Book
Work in an Anthology
Referencing: Clinical and Health Science Web Sources
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Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
DynaMed
Referencing: Diagnostic Manuals
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DSM-5
Referencing: Dictionaries
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Dictionary with Editor(s)
Entry in Online Dictionary, No Author
Referencing: Organization & Government Reports
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Report with Author(s)
Report, No Author
Report with Report Number
Report with Multiple Levels of Government
Referencing: eBooks
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eBook from Website or Library Database, with DOI
eBook from Library Database, no DOI
eBook from Website, no DOI
Open Textbook
Referencing: Figures
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General Information & Checklist
Figure Notes & Legend
In-text Citation & Reference Formatting
Referencing: Journals
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Journal Article, Print
Journal Article from Website or Library Database, with DOI
Journal Article from Library Database, no DOI
Journal Article from Website, no DOI
Referencing: Images
Referencing: Indigenous Elders & Knowledge Keepers
Referencing: Magazines
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Magazine Article, Print
Magazine Article from Website, with DOI
Magazine Article from Website, no DOI
Referencing: Newspapers
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Newspaper Article, Print
Newspaper Article from Library Database
Newspaper Article from Website
Newspaper Article, No Author
Referencing: Personal Communication
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Personal Communication, General
Traditional Knowledge or Oral Traditions of Indigenous Peoples
Referencing: Podcasts
Referencing: PowerPoint Presentations
Referencing: Secondary Sources
Referencing: Social Media
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Twitter Profile
X (Tweet) or Instagram Post
Facebook Page
Post on Facebook, Tumblr, Linkedin, etc.
TikTok Profile
TikTok Post
Referencing: Statistics Canada
Referencing: Tables
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General Information & Checklist
Table Notes
In-text Citation & Reference Formatting
Referencing: Videos
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Film or Video
Online Film or Streaming Video
TED Talk
YouTube Video, Personal Author
YouTube Video, Username (No Personal Author Listed)
Referencing: Websites
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Webpage on a News Website
Webpage with Group or Organization as Author
Webpage with a Personal Author
Webpage with a Retrieval Date
Common Knowledge
Additional Resources
Annotated Bibliographies
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